Enalapril

 Enalapril – Full Introduction

Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor widely used in the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, and certain kidney conditions, especially in patients with diabetes. It works by relaxing blood vessels, which helps improve blood flow and reduces the workload on the heart.

Drug Class

• ACE Inhibitor

Mechanism of Action

Enalapril blocks the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II normally causes blood vessels to constrict and stimulates aldosterone release, which increases blood pressure. By inhibiting this process, enalapril:

• Relaxes and widens blood vessels

• Lowers blood pressure

• Reduces fluid retention

• Improves heart efficiency

Enalapril is a prodrug, meaning it is converted in the liver to its active form, enalaprilat.

Therapeutic Uses

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)

• Congestive heart failure

• Left ventricular dysfunction

• Prevention of progression of kidney disease (especially diabetic nephropathy)

• Reduction of risk of heart attack and stroke in high-risk patients

Benefits

• Effective long-term blood pressure control

• Improves survival in heart failure patients

• Protects kidney function

• Reduces cardiovascular complications

Common Side Effects

• Dry, persistent cough

• Dizziness or lightheadedness

• Fatigue

• Headache

• Low blood pressure (especially after first dose)

Serious but Rare Side Effects

• Angioedema (swelling of face, lips, or throat)

• High potassium levels (hyperkalemia)

• Kidney function impairment

• Severe allergic reactions

Contraindications

• Pregnancy (can cause fetal harm)

• History of angioedema related to ACE inhibitors

• Severe renal artery stenosis

• Known hypersensitivity to enalapril

Conclusion

Enalapril is a well-established, effective, and commonly prescribed ACE inhibitor that plays a crucial role in managing cardiovascular and renal diseases. When used under proper medical supervision, it significantly improves patient outcomes and quality of life.