Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen – Full Introduction

Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic (pain-relieving), antipyretic (fever-reducing), and anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly prescribed for mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammatory conditions in both adults and children.

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Drug Class

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

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Mechanism of Action

Ibuprofen works by reversibly inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), which are responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins mediate:

• Pain

• Fever

• Inflammation

By reducing prostaglandin production, ibuprofen:

• Relieves pain

• Lowers fever

• Reduces inflammation

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Therapeutic Uses

• Fever

• Mild to moderate pain (headache, toothache, dysmenorrhea, musculoskeletal pain)

• Inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis)

• Post-operative pain

• Pain and inflammation in sports injuries

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Benefits

• Effective analgesic and antipyretic

• Provides anti-inflammatory action (unlike paracetamol)

• Available in multiple formulations (tablet, syrup, suspension, IV)

• Suitable for short-term and chronic inflammatory conditions

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Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain)

• Heartburn

• Dizziness

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Serious but Rare Side Effects

• Peptic ulceration and GI bleeding

• Renal impairment

• Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, bronchospasm)

• Increased cardiovascular risk with long-term or high-dose use

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Contraindications & Precautions

• History of peptic ulcer disease or GI bleeding

• Severe renal or hepatic impairment

• NSAID-induced asthma

• Use cautiously in elderly patients

• Avoid dehydration, especially in children

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Dosage & Administration

• Adults: 200–400 mg every 6–8 hours (maximum 1200 mg/day OTC, 3200 mg/day prescription)

• Children: 5–10 mg/kg per dose every 6–8 hours

• Best taken with food or milk to reduce gastric irritation

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Conclusion

Ibuprofen is a safe and effective NSAID for managing pain, fever, and inflammation when used at recommended doses. Careful use is advised in patients with gastrointestinal, renal, or cardiovascular risks.