Insulin

Insulin – Full Introduction

Insulin is a vital hormone and life-saving medicine used to control blood sugar (glucose) levels in people with diabetes. It is essential for Type 1 diabetes and is also used in Type 2 diabetes when oral medicines are not sufficient. Insulin helps the body use glucose for energy and prevents dangerously high blood sugar levels.

What is Insulin?

• Type: Hormone & Antidiabetic medicine

• Naturally produced by the pancreas

• Medical insulin is synthetic or recombinant

• Administered by injection or pump (not oral)

How Insulin works

Insulin allows glucose to move from the blood into the body’s cells, where it is used for energy. It also:

• Reduces glucose production in the liver

• Prevents breakdown of fat and muscle

• Maintains normal blood sugar levels

Types of Insulin

Rapid-acting

• Insulin lispro

• Insulin aspart

• Insulin glulisine
  ⏱ Works in 10–15 minutes

Short-acting

• Regular insulin
  ⏱ Works in 30–60 minutes

Intermediate-acting

• NPH insulin
  ⏱ Lasts 12–18 hours

Long-acting

• Insulin glargine

• Insulin detemir

• Insulin degludec
  ⏱ Lasts up to 24–42 hours

Who needs Insulin?

• All Type 1 diabetes patients

• Some Type 2 diabetes patients

• Gestational diabetes (when needed)

• Severe infections or surgery in diabetics

Forms of Insulin

• Vials and syringes

• Insulin pens

• Insulin pumps

Common side effects

• Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)

• Weight gain

• Injection site pain or swelling

Warnings & precautions

• Correct dose and timing are essential

• Monitor blood sugar regularly

• Recognize signs of hypoglycemia:

  • Sweating

  • Dizziness

  • Hunger

  • Confusion

Storage instructions

• Unopened insulin: Refrigerated

• Opened insulin: Room temperature (as advised)

• Do not freeze

• Protect from direct heat and sunlight

Conclusion

Insulin is a critical and effective treatment for diabetes when used correctly. Proper education, regular monitoring, and medical supervision ensure safe and successful blood sugar control.