Paracetamol

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) – Full Introduction

What is Paracetamol?

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer). It is one of the most commonly used medications worldwide due to its effectiveness and generally safe profile when used correctly. Unlike NSAIDs (like ibuprofen or aspirin), it does not have significant anti-inflammatory effects.

Mechanism of Action

Paracetamol works mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) by:

• Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the brain, which reduces pain and fever.

• It has minimal effect on peripheral inflammation, which is why it’s less useful for swelling or joint pain.

Medical Uses

Paracetamol is used to treat:

• Fever

• Headaches and migraines

• Muscle aches

• Back pain

• Toothaches

• Cold and flu symptoms

• Post-surgical or post-injury pain (mild to moderate)

It’s often combined with other medications, such as in cold/flu remedies or with opioids for stronger pain control.

Dosage Guidelines

Adults:

• Typical dose: 500–1000 mg every 4–6 hours

• Maximum daily dose: 4 g (4000 mg)

Children:

• Dose depends on weight: usually 10–15 mg/kg per dose, every 4–6 hours

• Do not exceed 5 doses in 24 hours

Always follow the doctor’s prescription or the instructions on the label.

Forms of Paracetamol

• Tablets, capsules, or caplets

• Syrups/liquids (for children)

• Suppositories

• Intravenous (IV) forms in hospitals

Side Effects

Paracetamol is generally safe but can cause:

• Liver damage if overdosed

• Allergic reactions (rare)

• Skin reactions (rare)

Interactions

• Avoid combining with other medications that contain paracetamol.

• Alcohol increases the risk of liver damage.

• Caution in people with liver disease.

Advantages of Paracetamol

• Safe for most people, including children and pregnant women (in recommended doses)

• Non-irritating to the stomach

• No effect on blood clotting

Limitations

• Not effective for inflammation (unlike ibuprofen or aspirin)

• Overdose can be fatal due to liver failure

• Long-term high doses should be monitored by a doctor